Professional/specialist Famous Names Starting with Letter J

Was a French astronomer. He was sometimes referred to as "Philippe Lagrula". In 1901, he wrote his t

Was a French astronomer. He was sometimes referred to as "Philippe Lagrula". In 1901, he wrote his thesis [1] at the University of Lyon. At the time, occultations of the Pleiades by the Moon were important for measuring the correspondence of the Moon's actual position with that predicted by theory.

Was a cytogeneticist who is renowned because he was the first person to recognize the normal number

Was a cytogeneticist who is renowned because he was the first person to recognize the normal number of human chromosomes. This epochal event occurred on December 22, 1955 at the Institute of Genetics of the University of Lund in Sweden, where Tjio was a visiting scientist. Tjio (whose name is pronounced CHEE-oh) was born to Chinese parents in Java, then part of the Dutch East Indies. His father was a photographer. Tjio was educated in Dutch colonial schools, trained in agronomy in college, and did research on potato breeding. He was imprisoned for 3 years and tortured by the Japanese in a concentration camp during World War II.

Was an American zoologist and ornithologist.He studied at Harvard University under Louis Agassiz. He

Was an American zoologist and ornithologist.He studied at Harvard University under Louis Agassiz. He participated in one expedition to Brazil and in several others within the United States. In 1873 he was the head of the naturalists of the North Pacific Railroad expedition from Bismarck, North Dakota to the Yellowstone and back for the Smithsonian. Allen was the first curator of birds and mammals at the American Museum of Natural History (from 1885 on) and later the first head of its Department of Ornithology.

Was an American astronomer.Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Un

Was an American astronomer.Metcalf graduated from Harvard Divinity School in 1892. He served as a Unitarian minister in Burlington, Vermont and then later in Taunton, Massachusetts, Winchester, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.He discovered or co-discovered several comets, including 23P/Brorsen-Metcalf and 97P/Metcalf-Brewington; he also discovered a number of asteroids.

Was a physician, botanist and American statesman. He was a member of the United States House of Repr

Was a physician, botanist and American statesman. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives, the first United States Minister to Mexico (the United States did not appoint ambassadors until 1896), a U.S. Secretary of War under Martin Van Buren and a cofounder of National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts (a predecessor of the Smithsonian Institution), as well as the namesake of Poinsett County, Arkansas, the historic Poinsett Bridge in Greenville County, South Carolina, Poinsett State Park in Sumter County, SC, and the poinsettia, a popular Christmas flower.

Was an American astronomer who pioneered photoelectric photometry in astronomy. He earned his Ph.D a

Was an American astronomer who pioneered photoelectric photometry in astronomy. He earned his Ph.D at the University of California. He was director of University of Illinois observatory from 1903 to 1922 and the Washburn Observatory at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1922 to 1948. After 1948, Stebbins continued his research at Lick Observatory until his final retirement in 1958.Stebbins brought photoelectric photometry from its infancy in the early 1900s to a mature technique by the 1950s, when it succeeded photography as the primary method of photometry. Stebbins used the new technique to investigate eclipsing binaries, the reddening of starlight by interstellar dust, colors of galaxies, and variable stars.

Was a Danish entomologist and economist.He studied at the gymnasium at Altona and entered the Univer

Was a Danish entomologist and economist.He studied at the gymnasium at Altona and entered the University of Copenhagen in 1762. Later the same year he travelled together with his friend and relative Johan Zoega to Uppsala, where he studied under Carl von Linné for two years.Fabricius worked primarily with arthropods and was a specialist on insects, classifying many spiders including the black widow. He was professor of natural history, economy and finance at the University of Kiel from 1775. He was a regular visitor to London where he studied many collections.

Was a Norwegian bishop and botanist.Gunnerus was very interested in natural history and accumulated

Was a Norwegian bishop and botanist.Gunnerus was very interested in natural history and accumulated a large collection of specimens from visits to central and northern Norway. He also encouraged others to send him specimens. Together with the historians Gerhard Schöning and Peter Friederich Suhm he founded The Trondheim Society in 1760. In 1767 it received royal recognition and became the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters.

Was a Swedish economist.As a lecturer at Uppsala, Wicksell had attracted attention for his opinions

Was a Swedish economist.As a lecturer at Uppsala, Wicksell had attracted attention for his opinions about labor. At one lecture, he condemned drunkenness and prostitution as alienating, degrading, and impoverishing. Although he was sometimes identified as a socialist, his solution to the above problem was decidedly Malthusian in advocating birth control – a theory he would defend to the end of his life. Although he had attracted some attention for his fiery ideas, his first work in economics, Value, Capital and Rent, published in 1892, was largely unnoticed. In 1896, he published Studies in the theory of Public Finance,

Was a Dutch-German pastor who studied at Groningen University from 1733 and settled in Batavia (Dutc

Was a Dutch-German pastor who studied at Groningen University from 1733 and settled in Batavia (Dutch East Indies) in 1737. Mohr's greatest passion was in astronomy but he was also keenly interested in meteorology and in vulcanology.In the 1760s Mohr built a large private observatory that was equipped with the best astronomical instruments of his time. His observatory, which had cost him a small fortune, was visited and praised by Louis Antoine de Bougainville and James Cook.Mohr observed the Venus transits of 6 June 1761 and 3 June 1769 and the Mercury transit of 10 November 1769. He also made meteorological observations and measurements of the magnetic declination at Batavia.

Was a Swedish-Russian astronomer. His name is sometimes given as Jöns Oskar Backlund, however even

Was a Swedish-Russian astronomer. His name is sometimes given as Jöns Oskar Backlund, however even contemporary Swedish sources give "Johan". In Russia, where he spent his entire career, he is known as Oskar Andreevich Baklund (????? ????????? ???????). Russian sources sometimes give his dates of birth and death as April 16, 1846 and August 16, 1916, since Russia still used the Julian calendar at the time.He specialized in celestial mechanics, and notably worked on calculating the orbit of Comet Encke, taking into account the perturbations of various planets. He used observations of Comet Encke to try estimate the mass of Mercury. Russian sources sometimes referred to the comet as Comet Encke-Backlund. He also carried out geodesic studies in Spitsbergen from 1898 to 1900. He became a member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1883.

Was a Dutch astronomer. His name is sometimes written Lansberg, and his first name is sometimes give

Was a Dutch astronomer. His name is sometimes written Lansberg, and his first name is sometimes given as Philip or Johannes Philippus. He published under the Latin name Philippus Lansbergius.He is best known as the author of a set of astronomical tables, Tabulae motum coelestium, for predicting planetary positions. These were later found to contain certain errors, in part because he erroneously did not accept Kepler's discovery of elliptical orbits.

Was a German philosopher and publicist.[1] Bergk was professor of philosophy and jurisprudence at th

Was a German philosopher and publicist.[1] Bergk was professor of philosophy and jurisprudence at the University of Leipzig. A Kantian, he defended the French revolution in his Untersuchungen aus dem Natur-, Staats- und Völkerrechte (1796) and translated

Was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist.Wagner was a professor at the University o

Was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist.Wagner was a professor at the University of Munich, and curator of the Zoologische Staatssammlung (State Zoology Collection). He was the author of Die Geographische Verbreitung der Säugethiere Dargestellt (1844-46).

Was a Baltic German naturalist and explorer in Russian service.then part of the Russian Empire, and

Was a Baltic German naturalist and explorer in Russian service.then part of the Russian Empire, and studied medicine at the University of Frankfurt, obtaining his doctorate in 1767. In the following year he joined the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences' expedition sent by Catherine II of Russia to explore the Russian empire's southern frontier. Güldenstädt travelled through Ukraine and the Astrakhan region, as well as the northern Caucasus and Georgia, both of which were almost entirely beyond the borders of the Russian empire, returning to St Petersburg in March 1775. The results of the expedition and Güldenstädt's edited expedition journal were published after his death by Peter Simon Pallas in Reisen durch Russland und im Caucasischen Gebürge (Travels in Russia and the Mountains of the Caucasus) (1787-91).

In 1715 Homann was appointed Imperial Geographer of the Holy Roman Empire. Giving such privileges to

In 1715 Homann was appointed Imperial Geographer of the Holy Roman Empire. Giving such privileges to individuals was an added right that the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire enjoyed.

Was a Swiss botanist.He then travelled with Conrad Gessner, after which he started a practise of med

Was a Swiss botanist.He then travelled with Conrad Gessner, after which he started a practise of medicine at Basel, where he was elected Professor of Rhetoric in 1566. Four years later he was invited to become physician to Duke Frederick I of Württemberg

German astronomer and lawyer. He was born in Rain, Bavaria in 1572. He began his study of philosophy

German astronomer and lawyer. He was born in Rain, Bavaria in 1572. He began his study of philosophy in Ingolstadt in 1592,

Was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg.He is best known for formulating the Titius-Bo

Was a German astronomer and a professor at Wittenberg.He is best known for formulating the Titius-Bode law, and for using this rule to predict the existence of a celestial object at 2.8 AU from the sun. This happened in 1766, when he inserted his observation on planetary distances into a German translation of Charles Bonnet's book Contemplation de la Nature. His suggestion that the object would necessarily be small was later superseded by the claim of Johann Elert Bode for a planet-like object, subsequently identified as being Ceres. In part because of the Titius-Bode law, the first four minor planets were at first labeled full-fledged planets. After a fifteen-year hiatus, other minor planets started to be discovered at steadily increasing rates, and Ceres and company were eventually relabeled "minor planets" or "asteroids"

Was a German botanist, zoologist, and physician.During the war Schoepf was stationed in Rhode Island

Was a German botanist, zoologist, and physician.During the war Schoepf was stationed in Rhode Island. Determined to study the Americas as a scientist once the war ended, he traveled for two years in the United States, British East Florida, and the Bahamas.He returned to Europe in 1784, where he worked for a time at the United Medical Colleges of Ansbach and Bayreuth. His North American observations are recorded in Travels in the Confederation [1783-1784], which first appeared in English translation in 1911.

Was a German astronomer known for his reformulation and popularization of the Titius-Bode law as wel

Was a German astronomer known for his reformulation and popularization of the Titius-Bode law as well determination of the orbit of Uranus, for which he also suggested the name. He is also credited with the discovery of Bode's Galaxy (M81).he suffered from an eye disease which particularly damaged his right eye; he continued to have trouble with his eyes throughout his life.[1]Bode was the director of the Berlin Observatory, where he published the Uranographia in 1801, a celestial atlas that aimed both at scientific accuracy in showing the positions of stars and other astronomical objects, as well as the artistic interpretation of the stellar constellation figures. The Uranographia marks the climax of an epoch of artistic representation of the constellations. Later atlases showed fewer and fewer elaborate figures until they were no longer printed on such tables.

Was a German mathematician. Faulhaber collaborated with Kepler and van Ceulen. He was a Rosicrucian,

Was a German mathematician. Faulhaber collaborated with Kepler and van Ceulen. He was a Rosicrucian, a brotherhood combining elements of mystical beliefs with an optimism about the ability of science to improve the human condition. He made a major impress

Was a German astronomer, born in Hamburg. He is sometimes confused with Karl Ludwig Hencke, another

Was a German astronomer, born in Hamburg. He is sometimes confused with Karl Ludwig Hencke, another German astronomer.Encke studied mathematics and astronomy from 1811 at the University of Göttingen under Carl Friedrich Gauss; but he enlisted in the Hanseatic Legion for the campaign of 1813–1814, and became lieutenant of artillery in the Prussian army in 1815. Having returned to Göttingen in 1816, he was at once appointed by Bernhardt von Lindenau as his assistant in the observatory of Seeberg near Gotha.

Was a botanist from St. Petersburg, Russia.He studied from 1795-1796 in the medical school of St. Pe

Was a botanist from St. Petersburg, Russia.He studied from 1795-1796 in the medical school of St. Petersburg. In the years 1800-1802 he traveled across Transcaucasia in the entourage of Count Apollo Mussin-Pushkin (1760-1805). In the following he led a mission of Count Juri Alexandrowich Golowkin to China being the zoologist of the school. The mission failed and he was sent to Yakutsk. In 1805-1806 he travelled along the Lena river to find a famous mammoth, after which he returned to St. Petersburg.

Was a German doctor and physiologist, one of the first to explore the study of mankind as an aspect

Was a German doctor and physiologist, one of the first to explore the study of mankind as an aspect of natural history, whose teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to classification of human races, of which he determined five.Johann Friedrich Blumenbach[1] was born at Gotha, studied medicine at Jena, and graduated in 1775 with his MD thesis De generis humani varietate nativa (On the Natural Varieties of Mankind, University of Göttingen, first published in 1776), which is considered one of the most influential works in the development of subsequent concepts of "human races."