Professional/specialist Famous Names

Is a Finnish mathematician and statistician of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Previous employ

Is a Finnish mathematician and statistician of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Previous employers included ECMWF, WMO, Helsinki University and the University of Jyväskylä.

The Henry Salvatori Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science in the computer science department o

The Henry Salvatori Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science in the computer science department of the University of Pennsylvania. Joshi defined the tree-adjoining grammar formalism which is often used in computational linguistics and natural language processing.Joshi studied at Pune University and the Indian Institute of Science, where he was awarded a BE in electrical engineering and a DIISc in communication engineering respectively. Joshi's graduate work was done in the electrical engineering department at the University of Pennsylvania, and he was awarded his PhD in 1960. He became a professor at Penn and is the co-founder and co-director of the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science.

Archibald was the fourth son of Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, a physician at King's College Hospital, wh

Archibald was the fourth son of Sir Alfred Baring Garrod, a physician at King's College Hospital, who discovered the abnormal uric acid metabolism associated with gout.He was educated at Marlborough and Christ Church, University of Oxford. He graduated with an honours degree in natural science in 1880. He received further medical training at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London. He spent several months of postgraduate study at the Allgemeines Krankenhaus in Vienna in 1884-85. In 1885 he obtained his BM and MA from Oxford, and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians, London.

In 1874 Sayce published a long paper, "The Astronomy and Astrology of the Babylonians" in Transactio

In 1874 Sayce published a long paper, "The Astronomy and Astrology of the Babylonians" in Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology vol. 3, part 1), with transcriptions and translations of the relevant cuneiform texts, that was one of the first articles to recognise and translate astronomical cuneiform texts.In 1879 Rev. Sayce linked the reliefs near Magnesia on the Maeander in western Anatolia to those of the site at Yazilikaya in the Turkish plateau, and recognised that they belonged to an unidentified pre-Greek culture.

Was a Scottish surgeon and naturalist.In 1786 Menzies was appointed surgeon on board the Prince of W

Was a Scottish surgeon and naturalist.In 1786 Menzies was appointed surgeon on board the Prince of Wales (Captain James Colnett), on a fur-trading voyage round Cape Horn to the northern Pacific. This ship, in company of Princess Royal (Captain Duncan), visited North America, China and Hawai'i (the Sandwich Isles) several times; Menzies collected a number of new plants on this voyage, and also ensured that none of the crew died of illness. Menzies returned to England in 1789. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1790.

Was a Dutch mathematician and logician

Was a Dutch mathematician and logician

Was a Dutch enthusiast and reformer of the constructed language Volapük by Johann Martin Schleyer,

Was a Dutch enthusiast and reformer of the constructed language Volapük by Johann Martin Schleyer, with whose help the Volapük movement gained new strength in the Netherlands. He not only revised Volapük, but also (together with other Volapükist contemporaries) began Volapükaklub Valemik Nedänik (Dutch Universal Volapük Club) and founded Diläd valemik Feda Volapükaklubas.

An Israeli economist who works in game theory. He was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

An Israeli economist who works in game theory. He was educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1972-1979, in both mathematics and economics. He is currently (2006) a professor of economics with the School of Economics at Tel Aviv University and with the Department of Economics at New York University.In 1982, he published "Perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model",[1] an important contribution to the theory of bargaining. It models two-person bargaining as an extensive game with perfect information in which the players alternate offers. A key assumption is that the players are impatient. The main result gives conditions under which the game has a unique subgame perfect equilibrium and characterizes this equilibrium.

Is an important Dutch economist, known mainly due to his contribution to the Dutch debate on populat

Is an important Dutch economist, known mainly due to his contribution to the Dutch debate on population ageing, pension reforms and public finances. Lans Bovenberg was awarded the Spinoza Prize in 2003.

Was a Japanese mathematician of the Edo era. He was the lord of Kurume Domain and approximated the v

Was a Japanese mathematician of the Edo era. He was the lord of Kurume Domain and approximated the value of p and its square, p2. In 1766, he found the following rational approximation of pi, correct to 29 digits:[1][2]

Was the Chief Justice of Mauritius until 2007. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1972 and

Was the Chief Justice of Mauritius until 2007. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1972 and is the Chairman of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission of Mauritius. In November 2001, he was elected as an Honourary Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, Lond

Was an Hungarian biologist. In 1968 he developed a formal language that is today called L-systems or

Was an Hungarian biologist. In 1968 he developed a formal language that is today called L-systems or Lindenmeyer Systems. Using those systems Lindenmeyer modelled the behaviour of cells of plants. L-systems nowadays are also used to model whole plants. L-systems are also used for the generation of fractals, such as the dragon, which is made by folding a paper to the right at 90 degrees an infinite number of times.

Was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many dif

Was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many different subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology.

Is a Dutch mathematician. He studied mathematics at the University of Amsterdam. He is currently a p

Is a Dutch mathematician. He studied mathematics at the University of Amsterdam. He is currently a professor at the EPFL (Lausanne), in the Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, and previously worked for Citibank and Bell Labs.Lenstra is active in cryptography, especially in areas such as integer factorization and the XTR cryptosystem. He has been involved in the successful factoring of several RSA numbers.

Was born on the Hommema-sate (estate) near Hijum in Friesland, Netherlands as the youngest of four s

Was born on the Hommema-sate (estate) near Hijum in Friesland, Netherlands as the youngest of four sons and two daughters. His father was Roelof Pytters, a tennant farmer and tax receiver. His mother was Neeltje Alberts from Finkum. The oldest son Klaas trained as a steersman, but did not work as one, and instead became a doctor in Sexbierum. The other sister Lisbeth married and left the household. It was not an easy life on the farm, but this is where the other three boys, Pieter, Albert and Arjen had to work. Their mother stimulated the interest of the three sons in mathematics and science, however their father was unhappy with this.

Was a Swiss mathematician, born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, and was a permanent professor at the Institute

Was a Swiss mathematician, born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, and was a permanent professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, United States from 1957 to 1993. He worked in algebraic topology, in the theory of Lie groups, and was one of the creators of the contemporary theory of linear algebraic groups.

Was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist.he entered the Congr

Was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist.he entered the Congregation of the Mission in 1848, having already displayed great fondness for the natural sciences. Ordained in 1862, he was shortly afterwards sent to Beijing, where he began a collection of material for a museum of natural history, mainly zoological, but in which botany, geology, and palaeontology were also well represented.At the request of the French government, important specimens from his collection were sent to Paris and aroused the greatest interest. The Jardin des Plantes commissioned him to undertake scientific journeys through China to make further collections. He succeeded in obtaining many specimens of hitherto unknown animals and plants, and the value of his comprehensive collections for the advance of systematic zoology and especially for the advancement of animal geography received universal recognition from the scientific world.

Was an Argentine botanist. He had specialized in the study of systems biology of the Solanaceae fami

Was an Argentine botanist. He had specialized in the study of systems biology of the Solanaceae family, having contributed with a large number of investigations and publications.His family was of Swiss ancestry. An aunt has taught him German, French, Ital

Is an American economist and an emeritus professor of economics at the University of California, Los

Is an American economist and an emeritus professor of economics at the University of California, Los Angeles.Alchian was born into an Armenian-American family. He attended California State University, Fresno for two years before transferring to Stanford University in 1934, which awarded him the B.A. (1936) and Ph.D. (1944). He was a statistician with the USA Army Air Corps, from 1942 to 1946. In 1946, he joined the Economics Department at UCLA, where he spent the rest of his career. For many years, he was affiliated with the Rand Corporation. In 1996, he became a Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association.

Is a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and

Is a Soviet-Armenian botanist, one of the most important figures in 20th century plant evolution and systematics and biogeography. His other interests include morphology of flowering plants, paleobotany, and the flora of the Caucasus. He was born in Shusha.Takhtajan worked at the Komarov Botanical Institute in Leningrad, where he developed his 1940 classification scheme for flowering plants, which emphasized phylogenetic relationships between plants. His system did not become known to botanists in the West until after 1950, and in the late 1950s he began a correspondence and collaboration with the prominent American botanist Arthur Cronquist, whose plant classification scheme was heavily influenced by his collaboration with Takhtajan and other botanists at Komarov.

Was an American astronomer and educator.He returned to the US for university studies, graduating fro

Was an American astronomer and educator.He returned to the US for university studies, graduating from the University of Michigan in 1888. He then became the first graduate student at Lick Observatory, but due to conflicts with his advisor, the troublesome Lick director Edward S. Holden, he left Lick before finishing his Ph.D. Leuschner subsequently returned to Germany and attended the University of Berlin, where in 1897 he earned his doctorate with a highly praised thesis on the orbits of comets.He returned to California as an Associate Professor in astronomy at UC Berkeley, where he remained for over half a century. He founded an observatory there for student instruction, later renamed in his honor Leuschner Observatory. Together with Lick director James E. Keeler, Leuschner shaped the combined graduate program at Berkeley and Lick into one of the nation's foremost centers of astronomical education.

Is a Brazilian economist who was president of the Central Bank of Brazil from 1999 to 2002. He is al

Is a Brazilian economist who was president of the Central Bank of Brazil from 1999 to 2002. He is also a former associate of George Soros and his Quantum Fund. Since 2001 he has been a member of the influential Washington-based financial advisory body, the Group of Thirty.

Is a French mathematician, whose research interest is algebraic geometry. A native of Bologne, Haute

Is a French mathematician, whose research interest is algebraic geometry. A native of Bologne, Haute-Marne, Beauville earned his doctorate from Paris Diderot University in 1977, with a thesis regarding Prym varieties and the Schottky problem, under supervision of Jean-Louis Verdier.

Was a French mathematician. His contributions include work in harmonic analysis and differential equ

Was a French mathematician. His contributions include work in harmonic analysis and differential equations. His integral was the first to be able to integrate all derivatives. Among his students is Gustave Choquet.

An American economist. Harberger's Triangle, widely used in welfare economics, is named after him.Ha

An American economist. Harberger's Triangle, widely used in welfare economics, is named after him.Harberger's PhD thesis, written under Lloyd Metzler, was on international macroeconomic theory, but his academic reputation is primarily based on his work in public finance, the economics of taxation.In 1954, Harberger published an article claiming that the welfare cost of monopoly in the American economy was unlikely to exceed 0.1% of American GDP. Harberger devised a rough estimate of the deadweight loss from monopoly, namely the producer and consumer's surplus that fails to materialize under monopoly. In the standard diagram used to teach the theory of monopoly, this loss corresponds to the area of a triangle. Such triangles are now named in his honor,